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What is Climate Change? A Salamander Points Lesson for the Middle Grades
General Objective:
Students will be able to identify their own habits that most impact the environment.
Specific Objectives:
- Students will be able to look up and define terms that are useful in discussing climate change.
- Students will be able to list activities that emit carbon and brainstorm ways to reduce their carbon output.
- Students will compare and contrast their carbon output with others'.
Materials:
- Handout: "What is Climate Change?"
- Dictionary
- Computer and overhead: www.salamanderpoints.com
- Computer: Daily points calculator on www.salamanderpoints.com
- Chart: team goals and daily team tallies
Estimated Duration:
- One full day for introduction of assignment.
- On the following five days, ten minutes should be set aside for group tallying.
- One full day for group discussion and presentations to class.
Activities:
- Introduction: Ask students what they know about climate change. What things cause climate change? [Note: Some people call it "global warming," but that term does not capture the entirety of what climate change can mean.]
- Using a dictionary, define the terms sustainable, emit, habitat, industrialization and infrastructure.
- Read the selection about climate change and answer the questions on "What Is Climate Change?"
- Explore point values on www.salamanderpoints.com. Discuss: Are you surprised by the numbers attached to our daily activities? Which numbers are most surprising? Why? What could you try to give up or reduce in order to lower your Salamander Points?
- Students should estimate their Salamander Point daily total. Then, in groups of three to five, they can brainstorm ways to lower their daily points that are realistic. They can set a group goal, or you can set a class goal, perhaps 100 points per day. Another option is the 10% challenge--reduce their output as a team by 10%.
- Over the next week, they will keep track of their point usage on their charts. The first five to ten minutes of each class can be used for groups to check on and record their totals on the class chart.
- After one week, groups will meet to discuss their findings and present their totals to the class. At this point, they can offer suggestions of way to lower their totals.
Follow-up
Either concurrently with the Salamander Points assignment or afterwards, students could be assigned research projects on a variety of climate change topics, such as Kyoto Protocol, habitats, extinct animals, and much more.
What is Climate Change?
Vocabulary: Look up and define the following words before you begin reading.
Sustainable _____________________________________________________
Emit ___________________________________________________________
Habitat _________________________________________________________
Industrialization __________________________________________________
Infrastructure ____________________________________________________
What, really, is causing climate change?
No one can say for certain, but all the evidence is consistent with what environmental scientists have predicted for years. Basically, heat-trapping greenhouse gases, including the carbon we emit in our daily activities, have been accumulating in our atmosphere since humans industrialized. In the pre-industrial world, carbon dioxide levels were at 280 ppm (parts per million). That means that, in every one million molecules of air, 280 were carbon dioxide. Since industrialization and, now, globalization, that number has increased to 383 ppm in 2007 (Hansen). That's a lot of carbon in our air.
Why is it important to go on a carbon diet?There are a variety of reasons, such as environmental change: Rising sea levels as frozen areas warm and ice melts, Increased number and severity of storms, Increased drought and heat waves, Endangered and extinct animals, plants, and other organisms, Changing ecosystems.
In turn, these changes will lead and have led to loss of animal and human life in many ways:
Famine, Disease, Water and food shortages, Political chaos.
The World Health Organization estimates more than 150,000 deaths each year due to climate change ("Protecting Health"). The golden toad, by the way, is recognized as the first species to have become extinct due to climate change. And everyone's seen the pictures of the polar bears swimming in once-frozen seas. We don't want them to be next!
Is it too late to stop climate change?
It will take some time before we see any real impact from the daily changes we need to make, because the Earth is large and climate change is slow. However, if we want future generations to enjoy the planet as we did, this is a call we cannot ignore.
What would daily life on a carbon diet look like?
For years, happiness has been associated with having a lot of money, but it actually stems more from being involved with others. Drive less. Buy less. And buy locally. As we do, we'll develop stronger bonds with our neighbors. We'll grow closer to our families. When we conserve electricity, we'll spend less time watching TV and playing video games. As we support locally grown produce, we'll become healthier. We'll learn to play games outside instead of on a television screen.
So to picture life on a carbon diet, simply imagine yourself, in shape from all the walking, playing outside with the neighborhood kids, and returning home to eat a healthy meal with your family.
What can we do?
We should aim to eventually reduce our individual carbon footprints by reducing our Salamander Points. Don't by anything you don't need. And reduce, reuse, recycle. We have the power to create change with every dollar we spend.
Reduce: don't buy anything you don't need or drive anywhere you can walk or bike.
Reuse: shop at second-hand or consignment shops.
Recycle: buy reusable goods rather than disposable, and try not to buy products that have been overpackaged.
As our economy and our laws change, the infrastructure and habits will follow, so that even people who are not carbon dieting will reduce their carbon footprints.
What exactly are Salamander Points?
One Salamander Point equals 0.25 lbs. of carbon emission, so about 22 Salamander Points each day equals one carbon ton emitted each year.
Why salamanders?
Salamanders are sensitive to their environments; environmental scientists use them to determine the health of their homes. When the salamanders are sick, the habitat is sick too.
Questions: Answer the following using the selection; use complete sentences.
- How many tons of carbon per year should we try to limit ourselves to in order to be sustainable?
- How many ppm of carbon was in our air before industrialization?
- How many ppm of carbon was in our air in the year 2007?
- What will increase in the environment as a result of climate change?
- How many deaths each year does the World Health Organization attribute to climate change?
- Why will it take time for the Earth to respond to positive changes we make?
- What is the importance of the golden toad?
- What are some benefits to reducing how much carbon we emit each day?
- List five ways you can reduce how much carbon you emit.
Vocabulary Activity: Choose the word that best fits the sentence:
sustainability habitat emit industrialization infrastructure
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- The age of ___________________ was when people first began using machines for transportation and manufacturing.
- Many animals' natural ____________________ will change as a result of our activities.
- Whenever we plug in, turn on, or start up an engine or electronic device, we probably will _______________ carbon.
- As people focus on being more ____________________ and conserve energy, they will make different decisions about what to buy and how to live.
- Roads and telephone lines are just two of the things that make up our ________________, which we use on a daily basis to transport and entertain ourselves.
Challenge: This will give you a chance to put to use what you've learned, and you can help out the Earth at the same time.
First, look at the list of Salamander Points. What kinds of things use points? How many points?
Second, figure out how many points you use a day by using the daily points calculator.
Next, think of five things you can do to lower your daily carbon output.
Finally, keep track of all the Salamander Points you use for seven days. Then add the numbers and divide by seven. This will give you your average Salamander Points per day. Is it sustainable?
In groups, discuss the following questions:
- What did you do that helped you keep your points low?
- What was hardest for you to do?
- Were there any habits you found that stopped you from attaining your daily goals?
- What surprised you most in your daily totals?
- Brainstorm some ways that you could try to keep your Salamander Point totals low for an entire year. Is it realistic to try to stay under 50? Under 100? Why or why not?
- Figure out what is ten percent of your daily Salamander Points average. Could you reduce how much you emit by that much?
Sources
"ADHD: 7 Suspect Food Additives." The Daily Green. 4 Oct. 2008 <http://www.thedailygreen .com/healthy-eating/eat-safe/6390>. Hansen, James. "Tipping Point: Perspective of a Climatologist." 4 Oct 2008 <http://www.columbia.edu/~jeh1/2008/StateOfWild_20080428. pdf>. "Hybrid Cars Sales Rose 81% Last Year." USAToday.com. 10 Oct. 2008 <http://www.isecorp.com/ise_news/ise_press_articles/pdf/usatoday-news.pdf>. "Protecting Health from Climate Change." World Health Organization. 4 Oct. 2008 <http://www.who.int/world-health-day/toolkit/dyk_whd2008_general_ public.pdf>.
Salamander Points Team Goals and Tallies
Student Name:
| Day | Lifestyle Points
| Home Points
| Transportation Points
| Vampire Points
| Monday
| | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | | Wednesday | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | | Friday | | | | | | Saturday | | | | | Sunday
| | | | | | Average | | | | |
Student Name:
| Day | Lifestyle Points
| Home Points
| Transportation Points
| Vampire Points
| Monday
| | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | | Wednesday | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | | Friday | | | | | | Saturday | | | | | Sunday
| | | | | | Average | | | | |
Student Name:
| Day | Lifestyle Points
| Home Points
| Transportation Points
| Vampire Points
| Monday
| | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | | Wednesday | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | | Friday | | | | | | Saturday | | | | | Sunday
| | | | | | Average | | | | | Student Name:
| Day | Lifestyle Points
| Home Points
| Transportation Points
| Vampire Points
| Monday
| | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | | Wednesday | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | | Friday | | | | | | Saturday | | | | | Sunday
| | | | | | Average | | | | |
Student Name:
| Day | Lifestyle Points
| Home Points
| Transportation Points
| Vampire Points
| Monday
| | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | | Wednesday | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | | Friday | | | | | | Saturday | | | | | Sunday
| | | | | | Average | | | | |
Student Name:
| Day | Lifestyle Points
| Home Points
| Transportation Points
| Vampire Points
| Monday
| | | | | | Tuesday | | | | | | Wednesday | | | | | | Thursday | | | | | | Friday | | | | | | Saturday | | | | | Sunday
| | | | | | Average | | | | |
Team Averages: Student Name
| Lifestyle Average
| Home Average
| Transportation Average
| Vampire Average
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| | | | | Entire Team
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